Java is a programming language that was originally established for interactive television, however over time it has ended up being widespread over everywhere software can be made use of. Made with the notion of object-oriented programming, abolishing the intricacies of other languages such as C or C++, garbage collection, and an architecturally agnostic virtual machine, Java created a new way of programming. In addition, it has a gentle discovering curve and shows up to successfully adhere to its own moto – “Write once, run anywhere”, which is almost always real; but Java problems are still present.
Neglecting Existing Libraries
It’s certainly a mistake for Java Developers to disregard the countless amount of libraries written in Java. Just before reinventing the wheel, try to hunt for offered libraries – several of them have been polished throughout the years of their existence and are totally free to use. These could be logging collections, like logback and Log4j, or network relevant collections, like Netty or Akka. A few of the libraries, such as Joda-Time, have actually come to be a de facto requirement.
Missing break Keyword in a Switch-Case Block
These Java problems can be extremely uncomfortable, and occasionally continue to be undiscovered till run in production. Fallthrough habits in switch declarations is frequently valuable; however, missing a “break” keyword when such behavior is not desired could cause dreadful results. If you have failed to remember to put a “break” in “case 0” in the code instance here, the program will certainly create “Zero” adhered to by “One”, since the control circulation inside here will certainly undergo the entire “switch” statement until it gets to a “break”.
Neglecting Free Resources
Every time a program opens a documents or network connection, it is very important for Java newbies to free the resource once you are done utilizing it. Similar care needs to be taken if any exception were to be tossed throughout operations on such sources. One could possibly assert that the FileInputStream has a finalizer that conjures up the close() technique on a garbage collection occasion; however, since we can’t be sure when a garbage collection pattern will certainly begin, the input stream can consume computer resources for an uncertain time period.
Memory Leakages
Java utilizes automatic memory management, and while it’s a relief to forget alloting and releasing memory by hand, it doesn’t imply that a starting Java developer need to not be mindful of how memory is made use of in the application. Troubles with memory allocations are still possible. As long as a program creates references to objects that are not needed anymore, it will not be freed. In a way, we can still call this memory leak. Memory leaks in Java can happen in various ways, but the most common reason is everlasting object references, because the garbage collector can’t eliminate objects from the lot while there are still referrals to them. One could develop such a referral by defining class with a static industry containing some collection of objects, and forgetting to set that static field to null after the collection is no longer needed. Static fields are considered GC roots and are never collected.
Another potential reason behind such memory leaks is a group of objects referencing each other, causing circular dependencies so that the garbage collector can’t determine whether these objects with cross-dependency references are needed or not. One more issue is leaks in non-heap memory when JNI is made use of.
Excessive Garbage Allocation
Extreme garbage allowance may occur when the program creates a great deal of short-lived objects. The garbage collector works continuously, removing unneeded objects from memory, which impacts applications’ performance in a negative way.
Useless Null References
Avoiding excessive use of null is a good practice. For instance, it’s more effective to return empty varieties or collections from methods as opposed to nulls, since it can help avoid NullPointerException.
Errors in Exceptions
It is often tempting to leave exceptions unhandled. However, the very best practice for beginner and experienced Java designers alike is to handle them. Exemptions are tossed on purpose, so in most cases we need to resolve the problems causing these exceptions. Do not ignore these occasions. If necessary, you can either rethrow it, show a mistake dialog to the user, or bring in a notification to the log. At the minimum, it should be described why the exception has been left unhandled in order to allow other developers recognize the reason.
Modification Exception
This exception occurs when a collection is modified while iterating over it making use of approaches other compared to those provided by the iterator object.
Breaking Contracts
Occasionally, code that is provided by the basic library or by a third-party vendor relies on regulations that should be obeyed in order to make things job. For example, it could be hashCode and equals contract that when adhered to, makes working assured for a collection of collections from the Java collection framework, and for other classes that use hashCode and equals methods. Disobeying contracts isn’t the kind of error that always leads to exceptions or breaks code collection; it’s more tricky, considering that sometimes it changes application behavior without any sign of danger. Erroneous code could get on production release and cause a whole bunch of unwanted effects. This can include bad UI behavior, wrong data reports, poor application performance, data loss, and more. Fortunately, these disastrous bugs don’t happen very often.
Raw Type Usage
Raw types, according to Java specifications, are types that are either not parametrized, or non-static members of class R that are not inherited from the superclass or superinterface of R. There were no alternatives to raw types until universal types were presented in Java. It sustains generic programming considering that version 1.5, and generics were unquestionably a significant improvement. Nonetheless, due to backwards compatibility factors, a mistake has been left that can potentially break the type system.
